(Frequently Asked Questions) about Central Kalimantan. (Frequently Asked Questions) about Central Kalimantan.Where the sectors that Central Kalimantan are looking to attract investment ... ?
How about international exposure and promotion of the province?
Central Kalimantan is in the heart of the world. It is the lung of the world. It is the third largest province in Indonesia. It covers 153,564 sq km (square kilometres) or 28% from total size of Kalimantan, or 8% from total of size of land area of Indonesian Archipelago that is about 2,037,087 sq km. Tropical rain forest (145,000.7 sq km) in many different stages of exploitation covers about 94% of the land. The present tropical rain forest of Central Kalimantan is to be said as a biggest such kind of forest appearance in the Borneo Island.
Central Kalimantan Province is a part of Borneo / Kalimantan island. The island covers three countries those are Indonesia (Kalimantan), Brunei Darussalam and Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak). Central Kalimantan Province itself covers 153,564 square kilometres or 28% from total size of Kalimantan (part of Indonesia), or 8% from total of size of land area of Indonesian Archipelago that is about 2,037,087 square kilometres.
The province has a very small number of populations, with a population of about 2 million according to the year 2000 census. The average density of the population is very low for only 11.2 person per square kilometres. The most predominant tribe in the province is Dayak. The tribe has just escaped from a biggest tribal riot in February to March 2001 that wanted to systematically eliminate them from the province.
Most of the people in this Province earn their living by working in agricultural sector such as plantation, animal husbandry, and fishery. The rest earn their living in the mining, industry, trade, and the other services. However, the main income for people in this Province comes from forestry sector such as timber, rattan and rubber. The second income is from minerals such as gold and home industry of various handicrafts.
Central Kalimantan covers 5 regencies/ districts, 1 municipality, 85 sub-districts and 1,130 villages.
Number of the districts in the province has shortly been increasead to 13. The Central Government agreed for the eight new districts to establish.
Major potency of Central Kalimantan is about 94% of the land area covered by tropical rain forest (145,000.7 sq km). The forest provides many kinds of trees. The commercial woods as follows: iron wood (Eusideroxylon zwageri), lanan (Shorea leprosula), meranti (Shorea spp.), ramin (Gonystyllus bancanus sp.), agathis etc.
Central Kalimantan is also famous for its ape species such as orang hutan / great ape (Pongopygmaeus), bekantan (Nasalis larvatus), owa-owa (Hylobates mulleri), kera buku (Tarsius); as well as beruang or bear (Heralactos malayanue); rangkong bird; beo bird; snakes etc.
The important cash crops grown in the province are rubber, oil palm, coconut, coffee and pepper products. Cultivation area of plantation has covered 640,000 hectares. There is 3,139,500 hectares of land available and considered suitable for plantation. On the other hand, the local people plant some number of the rattan areas, although the rattan is a forest product.
The largest sub-sector in terms of output and employment is almost exclusively under the domain of forestry sub-sector, and estate crops in limited number. The forest concessions dominate forestry sub-sector. However, by the year 2001, another commodity that is fruits from about 200,000 hectares oil palm is going to harvest. There is needed more factories to make the harvest into the final products. In the line, a reformation in the forestry sub-sector has been started. This reformation would change the forest concessions into different types of forest management.
Net production of wood in Central Kalimantan is about 4 million cubic metres a year consisting of Meranti (33 %), Ramin (16%), Agathis (13%) and mixed hardwoods (38 %). The forest exploitation produces wood waste (logging and industry) about 15 %.
Central Kalimantan is the largest rattan producer in Indonesia, but it has no industry in this region. Rattan as raw material sent to outside of Central Kalimantan. Most of industries located in Cirebon, Central Java. Approximation of Rattan production in Central Kalimantan is 500,000 tons per year. It is 80 % of rattan productions in Indonesia.
Mineral deposits in Central Kalimantan are mostly not explored yet and from research it is known that there are several minerals available, among others: coal, peat, tin, nickel, copper, silver, lead, zinc, gold, diamonds, iron, limestone, kaolin (Chinese clay), quartz sand and phosphate. Recently, a Canadian mining company has reported a very promising gold-copper deposit in the province.
The mineral sector is playing an important role in Indonesia's economy, initially as a source of export earnings, but to a growing extent as a source of employment mostly not for the local.
The widespread of primary gold occurrences have lead to the formation of numerous alluvial deposits of varying tonnage and grade. Several joint venture companies are currently exploring some of the larger deposits on the base of a "Contract of Work" agreement with the Government of Indonesia. One of those undertaking is a gold mining company, which goes already in production.
Exploration licenses already cover large contracts of Indonesia. However, there is still available area. Many local mining entrepreneurs are seeking foreign partners for both finance and expertise. Such case is also valid for Central Kalimantan Province. While, a mass number of traditional miners is panning for gold in the rivers.
Many of the deposits reported or found before World War II, some deposits discovered because of oil or mineral exploration. From those references, expect coal potential in Kalimantan. The result of coal exploration to the end of 1986, especially for Central Kalimantan there are coal resources of Bituminous and Lignite types in total 242.5 millions tonnes, includes measured, indicated and inferred.
For centuries, Central Kalimantan was under the rule of Banjarmasin, which had been a Moslem Sultanate since 17th century. The Banjarmasin at that time was developed with the government structure completed the government rules which ruled the whole Sultanate, and led them to be powerful on the Borneo Island, while the original inhabitants of Kalimantan (Borneo), the 'Dayak', lived in small communities in rural areas of the island.
In 18th century, that was in the years between 1841 and 1848, a Dutch Geologist, Schwaner, carried out an exploration and mapping in Central Kalimantan and went along the Barito, Kahayan, Kapuas, and Katingan rivers. At the same time he also collected data on the locations of the villages / communities of the 'Dayak' by the rivers.
To express gratitude to the Geologist, the mountains that separate Central Kalimantan and West Kalimantan was then named after him, "Schwaner".
A few years later, that was between 1880 and 1890, for the reasons of politic and trade, the Dutch Colonist built five canals that link Kapuas, Barito, and Kahayan rivers. The purpose of this was to quicken the communication as well as river transportation from rural areas to the end of the southeast part of the island.
At the end of the 19th century, Central Kalimantan, according to the Dutch Colonist, was included in the residence of South Kalimantan.
At that time, South Kalimantan consisted of the Afdeeling (Dutch terminology for their colony) Kapuas Barito (Dayak Besar) and the swapraja, which was called the Sultanate of Kotawaringin. The division of the smaller follows the river stream pattern that flows through Central Kalimantan. This land division was possible because the people's villages were usually on the riverbank that flows and divides Central Kalimantan.
In carrying out governmental duties at the lower level, they use the traditional governmental systems. Based on the system mentioned above, the Dutch used the traditional local leader to carry out the law especially the one that had connection with sources of income in the villages such as taxes. The Dutch also used people as free labour or slaves, called Rodi for Dutch benefits, like making roads, tunnels and so forth.
In every river stream and certain area villages, there were a few Demang (Kepala Adat). His job was to lead several kampoongs (hamlets) along the river and region, which was the responsible of that Demang, This region called Kademangan. Beside Demang who was responsible for those Kampoongs, there was a Kampoong chief who elected by the people and he had important duties and great responsibility. The Chief of the Kampoong, elected by the people called Pambakal. His main job was to give tasks or jobs ordered or forced by the colonists to the people. After the Dutch left this area, the Japanese replaced the position. In this period, Kalimantan become one province, called the Borneo Minseibu with a governor named Cookan. The capital was Banjarmasin.
Central Kalimantan was a part of Kalimantan province. The division of the government had not changed more than that of the previous one. However, from the top rank until the sub the Japanese governed district leadership of government.
In 1945, the Japanese Colony was ended by the coming of the Alliance (Australia) in Central Kalimantan. They wanted to take off the Japanese troop weapons. At the same time the NICA (Dutch, Australia were. NICA is stand for Nederland’s Indies Civil Administration; it was a post-war administration system that imposed by the Dutch in occupied territories) troop was also coming. The Alliance on September 27, 1945 sent out the last Japanese troops in Central Kalimantan. They passed Kumai and Banjarmasin directly went to their country. The local people controlled the regions that left by Japanese. Then, the regions join the Republic of Indonesia that proclaimed at 17 August 1945.
After Indonesia proclaimed its independence at 17 August 1945, Banjarmasin (now South Kalimantan) carried the Government in Central Kalimantan, but gradually there came the inspiration and ideas of the people to establish a separate province as an autonomous Region.
The inspiration and ideas was based on the fact that most of the economy and trade development in this region was supported by the crops and natural resources of the region which were transported using the rivers.
After some great effort and long hard work, on May 23rd, 1957 the first President of Republic of Indonesia, Prof. DR. Ir. Soekarno, officially declared Central Kalimantan to become an autonomous province in Indonesia with 'Pahandut' was the capital city.
Thereafter, 'Pahandut' was changed into 'Palangka Raya' which means 'Sacred Place', Honorable and Great; with Tjilik Riwut was the first-governor which was previously handled by a caretaker Mr. Raden Tumenggung Arya Milono.
Central Kalimantan in Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesia language) is Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan Province). The province lies in central of Indonesia and Kalimantan Island. Central Kalimantan is located between 0° 45' North Latitude and 3° 3' South Latitude, and between 111° and 116° East Longitude.
Central Kalimantan borders as follows:
To the North by West and East Kalimantan Provinces.
To the East-by-East and South Kalimantan Provinces.
To the South by Java Sea.
To the West-by-West Kalimantan Provinces.
The climate is humid and tropical (type A and B according to Scmidt & Fergusson) with the average temperature 33° C, rainfalls 2,776-3,393 mm/annum and relative humidity 95-98%.
Central Kalimantan comprises of three main parts spreading out from south to the North, i.e.:
1) Southern Part: Comprises of coast areas and swamps with altitude of 0 - 50 meters above sea level.
2) Middle Part: Comprises of flats land and plateau with altitude of 50 - 150 meters above sea level.
3) Northern Part: is hilly and mountainous with altitude more than 150 meters above sea level.
For 32 years, the centralized power of central government has created imbalance and backwardness in the development of Central Kalimantan Province. The obstacles created against decentralization in Central Kalimantan Province by establishing the development programmes were in the line with the obstacles that the local capacities were not increased in the long term of regional development. The apparatus of regional development tended to be static. This was the reason that was remaining as a "shadow" of the central government bodies. These bodies exercise tight control on regional development priorities.
The local government pay their special attention for the sustainability of the forest. The first step towards the forest sustainability is given by using an instrument of "spatial structure plan." However, this new step is remaining in the shadow of a centralised power of central government that is still not allow the provincial government for implementing the plan. Lots of power struggling on the forest management between the local and central government has come to the reformation agenda. The reformation is still on the way, which is so called decentralisation process. Laws and regulations for such reformation are being constructed.
Policy of provincial government in taking care the tropical rain forest is to encourage and force the people to obey laws and regulations by using sector approaches. These approaches allow the services or agencies, which deal, direct and indirect with the land to put their first attention to the forest sustainability management. They have to use spatial structure plan for their base on maintaining their activities of development, which use the land.
For the present situation, there is a big change of the centralised power of the central government. An autonomous regional development will come to the local government. The local government for maintaining their land will use this authority. Spatial structure plan will be better to apply in the local situation.
Potencies and conditions of Central Kalimantan will represent feature of governmental approaches of development in caring environment. The local government tries to encourage people to have more environmental awareness. The natural beauties of the province expose for the attention of the people. Implant beauty of the nature in the hearth of people as a part of god spirit and the way of people to have an understanding about environmental values. In the line is an effort to do the decentralisation procedures.
We understand that the only core advantages of the province are in the present natural resources. Therefore, that is important to be able to care about it.
The documented direction of economic policy is in the “Guide Lines of the province Development” from 2001 to 2005 as follows:
1. Develop an economic community based that is oriented into the ability to participate into the global market and market mechanism. The perceive of a fair competition of an economic growth, justifiable value, social requirement, quality of life, an environmental based development and sustainability toward a creation of equal share employment, protection of the costumers and a justice for all.
2. Optimize the role of regional government for accelerating an efficient and effective of market mechanism.
3. Develop and optimize utilization of the real regional potencies by using appropriate combination of science, technology and human resources. The effort to recognize the present competitive advantages of Indonesia by developing core competencies and excellences of the agriculture sector that covers several sub sectors such as forestry, fishery; mining, small-scale industry and handicrafts and tourism.
4. Support and grow the regional excellence industries toward an improvement of the export earning capacity by developing an appropriate license procedure for all such as transparent, easy, cheap and conducive.
5. Reinvent and optimize state companies toward efficient, professional and transparent companies.
6. Develop a mutual relationship among others of the private cooperative bodies, state companies, and big companies, small and medium companies toward an economic structure strengthened.
7. Develop an interrelation and cooperation of the regional, national and international economy towards a mutual benefit generation.
8. Recognize a sustainable principle of all development aspects by caring for the environment, life harmony and prosperity of the people.
9. Develop a justice for all in agrarian by preserving right of indigenous people based on the spatial structure plan.
10. Improve the infrastructure development by developing and maintaining economic facilities such as transportation, telecommunication, energy, electric, irrigation and clean water supply.
11. Improve the creation of employment in the development sectors by implementing a thorough and integrated approaches towards the people’s self empowerment capacity in order to reduce effects of economic crisis.
12. Speed the people recovery from economic crisis by getting up the real sectors in the hand of the cooperative bodies, small and medium enterprises.
13. Optimize the government taxes earning capacities by intensifying and diversifying regional taxes and others legal state income toward the improvement of regional government capacities that are stable and autonomous as of the spirit of the decentralization objectives.
Priorities to take by regional government for the period of five years from 2001 to 2005 as follows:
1. Accelerate the speed to economic crisis recovery by strengthening the sustainable and justifiable development basement of the community-based development.
2. Increase the regional capacity.
3. Develop good governance in which the present of harmonized structures and justified relationships among the government, businessmen and community.
4. Develop politics of democracy based on the unity of Indonesia.
5. Improve the prosperity, religious living, quality of life and cultural strong endurance of the people.
For the short terms, the regional government policy will take some issues as follows:
1. Economic crisis recovery acceleration.
2. Improve the regional capacity.
3. Accelerate the speed of infrastructure development in supporting economic development and span of government services to the people.
The main approaches of the regional development as follows:
1. Stabilize the decentralization of an autonomous regional government.
2. Accelerate the speed of regional division adjustment by promoting competitiveness ability as the base for regional economic growth.
3. Improve the community self-empowerment by developing ability of people gaining access into the facilities for their prosperity development and improvement of life quality.
Using regional development vision that is an effort to the integrated and justified sectors and institutions development will carry all of the approaches out.
As mentioned above, this province is the third largest province in Indonesia. It covers 153,564 sq km or 28% from total size of Kalimantan, or 8% from total of size of land area of Indonesian Archipelago. It is about one and half times the size of Java Island (where the capital of Indoesia is). Central Kalimantan mostly consists of plain area, with plateau and hills in the northern part (forest 126,200 sq km; swamp forest 18,115 sq km, rivers-lakes-swamps 4,563 sq km; land and others 4,686 sq km).
The province has become the new expected area, because it has several types of natural resources. Estate crops such as an oil palm estate is growing very fast. This requires workers. Various numbers of minerals found in the province. In the near, when it all “open” will need some numbers of workers.
Pressure of population in northern part of Indonesia that has some numbers of industries cannot further maintain. It seems in to the some extent, the Central Government would stimulate the population to migrate into the province by providing their requirement respectively.
For long, the province has become the destination for migrants. A program of Transmigration has carried on. This is an internal migration. This is a specific migration program undertaken by the Indonesia. The program has started from the time of Dutch’s colony up to present. Under the Indonesian government, the program is re-established with a bulk of budget. Many of problems have been arisen from the program. The problems caused by nature of the program that is just only concentrated upon the population problems in Java, Madura and Bali islands. Poor peoples have been delivered into the other islands those have a low density of population. Rights of the local peoples have been untouchable or neglected by the program. Currently, many problems between the migrants and the local peoples have created a big number of refugees back home to Java, Madura and Bali islands.
Nowadays, the Central Government has given a freedom to the local government in organizing the best way to manage the population.
Main economic sectors, activities and products in Central Kalimantan.
Currently, most of the people in this Province earn their living by working in agricultural sector such as plantation, animal husbandry, and fishery. The rest earn their living in the mining, industry, trade, and the other services. However, the main income for this Province comes from forestry sector such as timber, rattan and rubber. The second income comes from minerals such as gold, precious stones and home industry of various handicrafts.
Where the sectors that Central Kalimantan is looking to attract investment ...?
Foreign investment opportunities.
Click here for GRAPH OF THE EXISTING FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN by the end of year 2000.
Most of the existing investors’ activities relates to the natural resource commodities, such as forest, estate crops, and mining.
There are nineteen sectors of development in Central Kalimantan. The province investment requirement almost covers up all dominant sectors or sub sectors. They are forestry, food crops, estate crops, livestock, fishery, mining, trade, industry, and tourism.
Estate Crops:
Estate crops in the oil palm plantation areas have produced a huge quantity of fruits by the year 2001. It needs several types of Factories and several facilities for transporting the produces. This relates to the infrastructure development programmes. Estate crops covers up Crude Palm Oil factory’s construction, Crude Palm Oil exporting and tree palm planting.
Utilize woods of old rubber tree. It is necessary for an effort to use old rubber trees by replacing them with a new high quality of rubber tree seedlings. Other rubber products need several effort of trade management by improving the trading system
Forestry:
It is necessary to build an integrated wood working factories in order to increase the benefit of the forest products. Opportunities in the forestry sector as in forest exploitation to export, wood industries, reforestation and forest conservation.
Rattan industry requires building in the area close to the raw material producers.
The opportunities in the forestry investment are timber estate for the pulp and paper factory, wood waste industries, bird nest (swallow) cultivation and natural tourism
Fishery:
Fish production comes mainly from a natural fishery. The per capita fish consumption of Central Kalimantan is the highest one in Indonesia.
The predicted potential production of fish in the province is about 130,000 tonnes per year, consists of inland and marine harvest. Marine fishery potential is 85,815.12 tonnes per year. The rate of utilization for 1988 was 59.31 % or 50,897.39 tonnes. Inland fishery produced 35,525.5 tones. Size of suitable area for fishery is 2,293.633 sq km of which is utilised only 27.3 %. Most of fishers’ settlement is concentrated on the coastal areas in the Southern part 750 kilometres shoreline of Central Kalimantan. Shorelines are in the district of Kapuas 198 kilometres, West Kotawaringin 231 kilometres and East Kotawaringin 321 kilometres.
There is a good chance for organizing the fishery to a modern one in terms of using natural resources. Coastal belt is still in the good performance and it is needed science and knowledge for using it in the best ways. Marine resources yield such as crabs, shrimps, lobsters, fishes and others.
Mining:
Exploration licences already cover large contracts of Kalimantan Tengah. However, there is still open ground and there are many local mining entrepreneurs to have titles and are seeking foreign partners for both finance and expertise.
Many of the deposits reported or found before World War II, some deposits discovered because of oil or mineral exploration. From those references, expect coal potential in Kalimantan. The result of coal exploration to the end of 1986, especially for Central Kalimantan there are coal resources of Bituminous and Lignite types in total 242.5 millions tones, includes measured, indicated and inferred.
The widespread of primary gold occurrences have lead to the formation of numerous alluvial deposits of varying tonnage and grade. Several joint venture companies are currently exploring some of the larger deposits on the base of a "Contract of Work" agreement with the Government of Indonesia.
Mineral deposits in Central Kalimantan are mostly not explored yet and from research it is known that there are several minerals available, among others: coal, peat, tin, nickel, copper, silver, lead, zinc, gold, diamonds, iron, limestone, kaolin (Chinese clay), quartz sand and phosphate. Today, mass number of traditional miners is panning for gold in the rivers.
Transportation:
The governors in Kalimantan agree to develop railway. The agreement exposes that the railway is very important to support regional development. They are going to prepare some preliminary study to carry on.
In the following tables are described the province authorities and several sectors up to sub-sectors of development in Central Kalimantan that are offering the investment possibilities.
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REGIONAL GOVERNMENT POLICY FOR INVESTMENT |
Authorities of the Province
Other authorities of the province. 1. Involve in planning and controlling the national policy for the investment. 2. Facilitate the training for investment purposes. 3. Allocate the potential manpower for the investment. 4. Conduct the research for the investment. 5. Implement the capital investment for developing regional harbors. 6. Promote and cooperate for investment. 7. Take over the authorities in transitional stages. 8. Take over the authorities those cannot be handled by the districts / municipality.
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The Sectors and Sub Sectors
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NO
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SECTORS / SUB SECTORS |
Available infrastructures |
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1 |
TRANSPORTATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION |
1. Airports
The airports are available in every district / municipality for the crafts of the Fokker F28 at the capital of province and other smaller aircrafts at the districts’ capital.
2. Seaports
There are three ports are available for export and import:
- In Kumai, Kotawaringin Barat district for containers. - In Sampit, Kotawaringin Timur district for containers. - In Pulang Pisau, Kapuas district for limited cargos.
3. Road
The road in Central Kalimantan divides into two main links. Firstly, the Central link across the middle part of the province for 1,014 kilometres. Secondly, South link across the southern part of the province for 830.50 kilometres.
4. Telecommunication
The automatic telephone facilities are present in every capital of district / municipality and partially in the sub districts. The state regional radio and television stations and private television relay station.
5. Electric
Using diesel machines of the state electric company with the service coverage up to the sub districts mainly generates the electric power.
6. Clean water.
The regional company gives the clean water supply. It services partially covers up to the several sub districts. However, the clean water is not directly consumable.
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2.
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FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS |
The financial institutions are spread over the capital of province and districts / municipality up to the several sub districts. They are:
BANKING: BANK INDONESIA (B I) BANK INTERNASIONAL INDONESIA (BII) BANK RAKYAT INDONESIA (BRI) BANK MANDIRI BANK TABUNGAN NEGARA (BTN) BANK PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH (BPD) BANK DANAMON BANK NEGARA INDONESIA (BNI 46) BANK BUMI DAYA (BBD) BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT (BPR) INSURANCE: JIWASRAYA BUMI PUTERA BUMI ASIH
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SECTORS/SUB SECTORS |
BRIEF POTENCIES AND INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES
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1. |
FOOD CROPS
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u Available land for developing food crops is 5,980,750 hectare of which used for dry land and paddy field 195,870 hectares. u Several kinds of food crops are palawija (crops planted as 2d crop in dry season) such as paddy, corn, vegetable, soybean, local bean and horticulture such as banana, durian, orange, zalacca, jackfruits, mangistan, pineapple, nephelium (rambutan) and others. u The investment opportunities are available for developing the palawija such as corns, soybean and the horticulture commodities in the: - Barito District. - Barito Utara District. - Kapuas District. - Barito Selatan District. - Barito Utara District.
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2. |
ESTATE CROPS |
u Based on the province’s spatial structure plan for the areas of estates crops in three locations such as 4,007,207.40 hectare in the settlement areas, 3,114,980.51 hectare in production areas, and 1,892,226.89 hectare neither of the both areas. u Size of the areas that utilized is 638,986.55 hectare for the community estate crops, state and private companies. u Kinds of existing estate crops are rubber, local coconut, clove, coffee, pepper, cocoa, cashew nut, oil palm tree, areca nut, sugar palm, sugar cane, ginger, castor oil and candle nut. u The existing estate crop managements are Project Implementation Units, Nucleus Estate Crops, Big Estate Companies, Transmigration and partnerships. u The excellent commodities of the estate crops are rubber (SIR and slab), Oil palm (Crude Palm Oil), copra, black and white peppers. u Land available for planting the commodities as follows: l Kotawaringin Barat district is 668,729 Hectares. l Kotawaringin Timur district is 1,019,004 Hectares. l Kapuas district is 546,344 Hectares. l Palangka Raya municipality is 19,500 Hectares. l Barito Selatan district is 208,071 Hectares. l Barito Utara district is 677,852 Hectares.
u The priority of investment is for the final product factories those can proceed oil palm into the fry oil, butter and soap at the following places: - Kotawaringin Barat District. - Kotawaringin Timur District. |
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3.
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LIVESTOCKS |
u Size of the land that is available for developing livestock is about 2,531,158 hectare. The land is divided into 719,658 hectare for dry land / animal husbandry, 102,530 hectare in the paddy wet are (paddy field) and 1,811,500 in the swamp area. u Kinds of animal are domestic chicken, chicken egg, chicken meat, duck, beef, buffalo, pig, goat, horse and sheep. u Investment opportunities are: ? Livestock poultry factories. ? Livestock fattening. ? Livestock “Cut and Carry” ? Mini Ranch. The places for the activities as follows: § Palangka Raya municipality. § Kotawaringin Barat district. § Kotawaringin Timur district. § Barito Selatan district. § Barito Utara district. § Kapuas district.
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4. |
FISHERY |
u The shoreline of the province is 750 kilometres. Twelve miles away from the beach under control the provincial government. There are eleven biggest rivers with the downstream to the Java sea. Freshwater covers areas of 22,900 square kilometres that is available for fishery.
u Marine fishes are kakap, bawal, tuna, tongkol, senangin, tenggiri, kembung, shrimp, crab. The freshwater fishes area lele, lais, toman, gabus, baung, belida, shrimp, mas, betutu and exotic fishes of the botia and arwana. u The investment opportunities are for the shrimp and bandeng cultivation include the processing factories. The places of investment are following: - Kotawaringin Barat district 56,968 hectare. - Kotawaringin Timur district 21,792 hectare. - Kapuas district 5,640 hectares.
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5. |
FORESTRY |
u Based on the province’s spatial structure plan, the forest areas those are available for investment cover 13,049,045.54 hectares. The conservation forest is 1,120,893.55 hectares and cultivation area for 11,928,151.99 hectares. u Main commercial woods are meranti, ramin, agathis and others. u Non-woods forest products are rattan, bird nest, and bark and jelutung resin. u Types of existing investment are: o Forest License for Companies in the natural forest and timber estates. o Forest license for communities. o Rights for utilizing woods and non-woods forest products. u The opportunities in the forestry investment are timber estate for the pulp and paper factory, wood waste industries, bird nest (swallow) cultivation and natural tourism. u The area for the timber estate is located in the former areas of the expired forest companies and allocated ones. u The bird nest is located in Barito Utara District.
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6.
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TRADE AND INDUTRY |
u There are two areas of an integrated area of economic development in Central Kalimantan. First, covers the area of the water sheet in Kahayan, Kapuas and Barito rivers. The location is KAPET DAS KAKAB. Second, covers the area of Kotawaringin Timur and Kotawaringin Barat Districts that is SAMBUN. u Various types of products of the companies are Plywood, Molding, Dowell, Sawn Timber, Crude Palm Oils (CPO), rubber (SIR), rattan, furniture, capstan lime, knock down material of house, precious stones, batik yarn, cane work/plaited mats such as plaited mat, bag, various souvenirs, ceramic, brick, roof, floor tile, active carbon, and shrimp (frozen). u The investment opportunities are available for the processing industries for the sectors of agriculture products, estate crops, forest products and marketing of the products.
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8.
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TOURISM |
Various types of tourism objects as follows:
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Main infrastructure (road, airport, ports, railways) projects.
The explanation below would bring up the requirement to develop major infrastructure projects as follows:
a. Roads
By the end of 2001, total length of road in Central Kalimantan is 7,370.64 kilometres = kms. The road divided into state / national roads 1,707.57 kms, provincial roads 1,059.78 kms and District roads 4,603.50 kms).
Apart from these roads, there are numbers of forest roads for about 11,000 kms. The forest concessions under control of Forestry and Crop Estates Department maintain them.
In comparison to the roads in the other provinces in Kalimantan, the quality of road in Central Kalimantan is lower. This is because the previous objective of road building was not concentrated on the effort to create economic activities, but it directed to organise settlement, which are scattered in the big area of Central Kalimantan. However, nowadays, local government starts to build road network based upon the economic scale development objectives.
Inline with the road buildings, traffic changes by using roads are slightly influencing the road constructions. Lots of heavy cargo gets through the low quality of roads, such changes have continually broken many parts of the roads. Local government pay their special attention for remedying the cases.
Permanent bridges are 215 with the length is 9,230.05 meters and non-permanent or wooden bridges are 281 with the length is 5,315.50 meters.
The governors in Kalimantan agree to develop railway. The agreement exposes that the railway is very important to support regional development. They are going to prepare some preliminary study to carry on.
b. River transportation
Central Kalimantan is a province of rivers. Total length of the main rivers is about 4,875 kilometres. River transportation is better to use for transporting goods and services, as most of the population and trading centres are located along these rivers. However, most of the upstream of the rivers cannot use for transportation purposes during the peak of dry season
The upstream of rivers is in the North and it flows to South in Java Sea. The rivers may become a big potency of natural hydrology for development. There are 11 main Rivers such as Barito, Kahayan, Kapuas, Sebangau, Katingan, Mentaya, Seruyan, Kumai, Arut, and Lamandau.
Shoreline in the coastal area starts from East to West. The shoreline is located in the South of the province for 750 kilometres.
There are three canals connecting Kapuas River to Barito River and most of the traffic between Banjarmasin (South Kalimantan capital) and Palangka Raya (Central Kalimantan capital) passes through these canals. There are eleventh big rivers and thousands of small rivers.
A big project of peat land exploitation in Kapuas district had made several very complicated canals. The objective of such project was to organize an irrigated paddy field for 100,000 sq. km. However, government terminated it.
Area of in-land waterways is about 2,267.8 square kilometres, which divided into rivers, lakes, and swamp.
c. Sea ports
There are 9 water ports in Central Kalimantan, i.e.: Sampit, Kuala Pembuang, Kuala Kapuas, Pulang Pisau, Pangkalan Bun, Kumai, Sukamara, Pagatan and Samuda.
Those ports consist of seven river ports and two seaports. These ports suffer from a serious shortage of pier space and facilities, which handicaps the operation of ship services and exports. Irregular ship services (for passengers) connect Sampit port and other ports to Java Island. However, since 1995, the number of shipping has increased and regular daily transportation is available.
d. Airports
Central Kalimantan has seven airports providing air transport services between the province and other parts of Indonesia and within the province. The main airport is in the capital city of the province that is Tjilik Riwut airport. A daily flight established between Jakarta and Palangka Raya is once a day by using F-28 aircraft. Most of airports is pioneer except Tjilik Riwut and can only accommodate smaller aircraft such as Britain Norman or Spanish “cassa” type aircrafts.
e. Telecommunication
Telephone, telex, teleprinter and telegraph are the existing facilities in Central Kalimantan for quick communication inside the province, with the neighbouring provinces and outside connections. It already has 8 satellite earth stations in Palangka Raya, Muara Teweh, Buntok, Pangkalan Bun, Kuala Pembuang, Sampit, Kuala Kuayan, Kuala Kurun. To meet the growing demand of telephones in Central Kalimantan, 9 (nine) automatic telephone stations (direct dial) had been installed in Palangka Raya, Pangkalan Bun, Sampit, Kuala Kapuas, Buntok, Muara Teweh, Kasongan, Tamiang Layang, and Kuala Kurun by the end of 1991, with the 4,167 telephone line units.
In general, cellular or hand phone can connect the internal and external. Other connections such as Palangka Raya and Banjarmasin have a satellite connection as well as by UHF transmission. Palangka Raya and Kuala Kapuas connect telephone circuit to Banjarmasin telex centre. Provincial Telecommunication Company has 12 telex stations in Palangka Raya, Kuala Kapuas, Pulang Pisau, Kuala Kurun, Buntok, Muara Teweh, Tamiang Layang, Puruk Cahu, Sampit, Katingan, Kuala Pembuang and Pangkalan Bun. There are also facilities of 10 MF radio systems and 80 radio stations.
By the end of 1999, telephone facilities connect all of the regencies and municipality. From the 85 sub-districts, there are only 32% or 37.65 % telephone on-line and only 87 villages or 7.07 % have connected into the telephone line. Meanwhile, Internet cafes are significantly increasing. The users are mainly resident of the cities.
f. Electric Power and Water Supply
As of 1991, the locations and capacity of the various power stations in Central Kalimantan were 16 places and 38.4 MW; all are diesel stations.
Majors towns of the province are adequately covered with drinking water facilities for the present population, with the present capacity of 175 litres/sec. Industrial investors may not find establishment of water works expensive as both surface and underground water is available within short distances in most locations except near the estuaries. However, the underground water must purify.
Rivers with adequate flow throughout the year are available in close proximity to most industrial locations.
Japanese experts’ study in 1961 recommended two sites in the North Barito District for the place of establishing a biggest electric generator. It would have been in turn gives an electric power equal for whole Kalimantan. However, the project result is only a pilot project of Riam Kanan electric generator in South Kalimantan Province that also supplies electric for Central Kalimantan. Communist rebellion in 1965 influenced to the non-implementation of the project in Central Kalimantan. By this time, however, the plan will get several handicaps, because of the watersheds areas on sites have several mineral deposits.
g. Other Supporting Facilities
1. Educational facilities consist range from the kindergarten level to the university level in the province and districts within Central Kalimantan province. The university has a number of PhD and M.Sc. degree holders on its staff. The education system allows the students from other areas of Indonesia to study in this province. Students have to compete through a test in order to get admission in the university and the higher institutes of learning. For admission into the senior high schools, the students have to obtain standard grades in the last examination.
2. There are 2,478 state and private primary schools; 266 state and private junior high school; 104 state and private senior high school; and 17 state and private universities & academies; BIPIK (small scale industries development project) extends advice and training in handicrafts, electronics, welding, electrical, motorcycle repairing, food crops, plantation crops, animal husbandry and fishery. A vocational training centre: Balai Latihan Kerajinan Industri Dan Pertanian, had been set up in Palangka Raya, it trains skilled workers and small farmers.
3. Central Kalimantan has extensive health facilities, including 11 general hospitals in District’s capitals with the capacity of 502 beds, 100 public health centres and 483 sub public health centres. Total medical personnel are: 144 physicians, 26 dentists, 108 midwifes, 469 nurses, and 2,469 other medical personnel. In healthcare, Central Kalimantan has particular problems with Malaria, gastroenteritis, infant and child (under five) mortality, malnutrition and problems associated with an unsanitary environment. Only a low percentage of its population has access to safe drinking water. A family planning programme has achieved significant progress, and the total number of participants has increased every year.
Competitive advantages of Central Kalimantan over the rest of the provinces.
The province contains rich natural resources such as forest, fishes, estate crops and minerals (for example, coal, gold, copper, quartz sand, Chinese clay and others).
It has the biggest tropical rain forest still in present.
There forest can provide several types of commodities. Most of them become the basic need of people such as for housing and paper. The South Kalimantan province the neighboring province depends upon the forest and clean river in Central Kalimantan. The forest also provides oxygen for the world.
The famous area of great apes to natural live is there.
The National Park of Tanjung Puting in the district of Kotawaringin Barat has become an international point of interest, since it has been the best place for the great apes and several distinct animal to live in a natural ways.
The province has not become a complicated or crowded area of investment.
During almost 30 decades, the investment has been in Java, Sumatra Islands and others provinces. However, there are many environmental problems. The problems cause by the not properly industrial installation, overpopulation pressures, and wrong decision to place industries, laborers’ riot and urban problems.
Over 25 years, the province had not any connection of roads. Nowadays, the province interconnects with the rest of provinces. Many type of important infrastructures have just made. Central Kalimantan provides the new area of investment, eliminates many of the transportation problems.
International exposure and promotion of the province.
A limited effort has been given in terms of export promotion. Most of promotion budget is not available. For a long time Central Government eager to promote other Indonesia’s region than this province, for the investors are most likely to invest in the Java and Sumatra that have a most advance infrastructures.
On the other hand, the officer or private local companies have not enough ability or experience to handle an export promotion. Local initiative has slept for long to the promotion efforts. However, the government has established the Regional Investment Board to carry on the investment policy and planning. They have done several activities. The latest promotion made is a visit to Australia by the officers, but thereafter is no further commitment.
Strategic location of the province.
As mentioned above, Central Kalimantan is in the heart of the world. It is the lung of the world. It is the third largest province in Indonesia. It covers 153,564 sq km (square kilometres) or 28% from total size of Kalimantan, or 8% from total of size of land area of Indonesian Archipelago that is about 2,037,087 sq km. Tropical rain forest (145,000.7 sq km) covers about 94% of the land. The present tropical rain forest of Central Kalimantan is to be said as a biggest such kind of forest appearance in the Borneo Island.
Tourism attractions.
There are many interesting tourism objects in Central Kalimantan. Long and big rivers are worth sailing. Natural Preserve of Tanjung Puting in Kumai (Kotawaringin Barat District) is an attractive place to visit for common and scientific tourism, because it has various panoramas with the miscellaneous of flora and fauna. Tanjung Puting is also a research centre of several animal species such as orang hutan (great ape), bekantan, kelasi etc. Next to Tanjung Puting, we can see Kubu Beach and Tanjung Keluang Beach which are good places for swimming, water skiing, fishing and very suitable for sailing.
Palangka Raya has a natural park and rocky hills Bukit Rawi are a sacred place where local people store the bones of deceased ancestors. Traditional Dayak's longhouses are in the Tumbang Kurik and Tumbang Malahoi. Travelling through the rapid Mangkikit will be one of the unforgettable adventures. Palace of Kotawaringin Sultanate located in Pangkalan Bun, is still resided by royal family.
Peat land adventure is a new tourism attraction in Central Kalimantan. This is a type of tourism in a nature. Site of the object is in the remnant of the Thousand Hectare Peat Land project in Kuala Kapuas. The place provides natural tourism and research centre. A “Dayak’s rail” is developing partially to 25 km. The rail will not harm the environment. It is also will be used for controlling peat land and swamp areas based on the conservation purposes. The members of Finland and European parliament visited the site
Central Kalimantan is the third largest province in Indonesia. It covers 153,564 sq km (square kilometres) or 28% from total size of Kalimantan, or 8% from total of size of land area of Indonesian Archipelago that is about 2,037,087 sq km. Tropical rain forest (145,000.7 sq km) covers about 94% of the land. The present tropical rain forest of Central Kalimantan is to be said as a biggest such kind of forest appearance in the Borneo Island.
According to the present condition of the province, natural objects of tourism become the masterpiece of tourism in this province. However, because the lack of ability and the set up of priority to other sectors of development, this sector has not been given a fully stimulated efforts to develop. Number of visitors is very limited. Only for the most enthusiastic people is eager to visit this province. Limited infrastructures of the province have made tourism attraction to be “full of adventure” activities as of the natural tourism objects. A tourist should have a good endurance and ability to struggle for he or she can get through a very simple and natural tourism current facilities that are available. Nevertheless, there has no problem whatsoever reported from the foreign visitors that came to visit this province. They have reported a warm welcome by the remote people in the province.
New opportunities for the province with the Central Government.
1. Focus on Regional Development.
It has been seen the evolution of regional development that created encyclical effect to that province. Its evolution led to the effort for directing a change or reformation of the regional development procedures. This approach also explicitly allows the regional apparatus to allocate resources from their level for regional development. One of the approaches has emphasised on the importance of using participation in decision-making process.
Moreover, though the growth model approach is advocated as a strategy of regional development, in practice, the resources are still being concentrated in the few cities, which is not consonance with the regional development philosophy.
The apparatus of the local governments (province, district, sub-district) are mostly busy with the administrative functions, and they are trying to establish their profession in the administrative structure rather than in the development agent functions, and are trying to secure their position in the administrative structures.
This will mean, in fact, the adoption of the "bottom-up" (participatory) regional development system that is mentioned in the newest law and other regulations of Indonesia. The implementation of this suggestion will drastically prune the current administrative functions of the regional development agencies, but it will put emphasize on increasing the functions of the research, coordination, monitoring and planning in the implementation of the regional development policy. It is also suggested that primary objective of the regional development system should be the human resource development.
The implementation of the regional development as suggested needs strong political-will. However, it is also a fact that without political-will, the ideals of the regional development cannot be realized and the development cannot much reach the grass-root level.
Therefore, the following main issues of regional development for the year of 2000-2005 are set up by developing supporting factors such as hardware, software and brainwave of the people in Central Kalimantan.
The issues should be able to handle many objectives as follows:
Human resources development, by increasing an effort to enable an improving ability of the apparatus of local government in taking care their own resources, such as natural and artificial resources.
Improving the capability of local people for deciding their own future by giving more stimulation to the attitude towards a very open-minded and awareness of their regional face.
Implanting in the hearth of the people in the region for their sense of urgency, sense of belonging and sense of awareness of their own natural and artificial resources.
Based on the description above, several main immediate development programmes for improving development of the province as follows:
1. Infrastructure.
Road network that provides an economical transportation system.
Seaports and water ports that provide a sufficient capacity of harbour facilities.
2. Estate Crops.
Estate crops in the oil palm plantation areas have produce a huge quantity of fruits by the year 2001. It needs several Crude Oil Palm Factories and several facilities for transporting the produces. This relates to the infrastructure development programmes.
Utilize woods of old rubber tree. It is necessary for an effort to use old rubber trees by replacing them with a new high quality of rubber tree seedlings. Other rubber products need several effort of trade management by improving the trading system.
3. Forestry.
Putting a tight control over the illegal cutting activities in the forest conservation areas.
It is necessary to build an integrated wood working factories in order to increase the benefit of the forest products.
Rattan industry is required to be built in the area close to the raw material producers.
4. Mining.
Many types of minerals in the province would be very promising commodities in which they would be very accessible when the concerned companies have an ability to develop a good relationship with the local communities in their activities by using a community development model.
Oil exploration is also may be possible to take place.
5. Industry.
Other than above description, cement, Chinese clay, coal are very promising industries.
6. Tourism.
A national park called Tanjung Puting is one of the world heritages by its Proboscis monkey (orang hutan). It is a very big area of natural rain forest.
7. Settlement and city planning.
The third biggest province with very low population density will need an organised settlement and cities in order to provide an easier development of a high quality of human resources.
8. Natural Resources Databases.
Good databases give a good support for decision makers to focus on the regional development. However, it is very difficult to invent the databases of this very big region. Technology and science may be able to give help. Geographic Information System (GIS) is very promising to do so.
The above description has given some numbers of competitive advantages of the province. In the following, represent more competitive advantages may be valuable in advance.
Specifically, the Governor gives his statement that the province is a favourable place for the entrepreneurs / investors to carry out their activities. The reason as follows:
The all out reformation in Indonesia that the one has created an autonomous regional government, which has applied for the second year. Another is that the regional government takes most of central government’s investment authorities.
Currently, there is more stable politics and investment security.
The province covers area of 153,564 square kilometres, which is the third largest province in Indonesia after Papua and East Kalimantan Province.
The province contains rich natural resources such as forest, estate crops and minerals (for example, coal, gold, copper, quartz sand, Chinese clay and others).
There are many state companies, which are capable of undertaking”win-win” cooperation in the fields as follows:
Forestry such as in forest exploitation to export, wood industries, reforestation and forest conservation.
Coal mining to export or power plan construction.
Estate crops such as Crude Palm Oil factory’s construction, Crude Palm Oil exporting and tree palm planting.
Marine resources yielding such as crabs, shrimps, lobsters, fishes and others.
Future of the province.
The present number of district in the province is five. Number of the districts in the province will shortly increase to 13. The Central Government has given an agreement for the eight new districts to establish. The governor has won a long bitter struggling to the Central Government for improving of the management span of control by dividing the province according to the fairness of regional government division by the districts. The governor is gong to do an implementation of regional division adjustment. This will improve the span of management control ability in the province along the line with the decentralization objectives.
The governor has brought the community and government to escape to get through the only ever tribal bloody riot by February to March 2001 in Central Kalimantan. It happened when a migrant tribe had tried to colonize them. This has given a result for more local community sense of belonging in caring the regional development. While the tribal riot in Central Kalimantan, the governor had an ability to achieve some progress in developing the vital infrastructures such as Kahayan Bridge and the part of Tumbang Nusa Bridge.
Some numbers of Non Government Organization (NGO) get more freedom in their participative effort for helping democratic regional development objectives to take place.
The governor has won a long bitter struggling to the Central Government for improving of the management span of control by dividing the province according to the fairness of regional government division by the districts. The governor is gong to do an implementation of regional division adjustment. This will improve the span of management control ability in the province along the line with the decentralization objectives.
The governor has finished the structural adjustment in the government office at province and district level. This give result for the almost all of centralized office of central government is under direct control of the governor. It is the one of the objectives of decentralization that the autonomous region is empowered.
The community empowerment does not directly materialize itself. It does along the line with the improvement of the human quality, economic development and others. The backwardness of the province has been acute. The remaining of centralized development and government cannot be disappearing in second. It is needed not only “good behaviour”, but also an all-out efforts to develop a new paradigm to govern and develop.
I am fully aware about the globalization era. It will present interrelationship among peoples of the world. The global era will not only affect the ecology and economy, but also almost whole aspects of our life. I recognize would be a good opportunity for us to develop mutual relationships with number of the countries that has willingness to cooperate. I expect that the fruits of the global era are a widened openness of the gate of science, technology and benefit for the mankind, to quit from hindering the race, nation and stake.
Central Kalimantan is a sufficient area for doing everything. We need a shared vision, develop examples of human endeavor that display a quality of excellence and most of all is an ability to provide opportunities for locals to participate. Dayak tribes in this province have become a very good spectator for their natural resources taken away by an imbalance development and greediest.
Major tropical rain forest has gone away. However, its benefit has almost never been to see here. Most of us still live in an almost primitive life. Time goes by day after day. Some peoples are flying over the planets. We are waiting for them to land in Central Kalimantan. Share their science and knowledge to this rest of the world. This reachable area is closest to come to.
Dayak’s have the right to benefit from their own natural resources, to improve their lives. We have to help them and ourselves. Big challenge is absolutely; something to really greet our teeth into, work hard to find the right way to do it.
The limited science and technology and the ability to make a ready of basic capital for regional development have become the main obstacles of regional government efforts for improving quantity and quality of regional development that in turns bring about life prosperity to the people. For example, we cannot provide good data inventory of the natural resources, because of limited ability to have and utilize mapping system or geographic information system (GIS). Although we recognize the data is crucial to undertake regional development.
For the forest management, it should be the international responsibility. It is because supply of oxygen is for the global. Main problem of forest depletion comes from the economic factor. The demand of forest related products have always increased. People live in and around the forest, face the low per capita income. They have become scapegoats for the ruthless forest companies that take advantages by using them as a mean of buffering some illegal forest cutting. Local government officers are generally poor and they cannot mobilize themselves as fast as officers of forest companies can do. Some of the officers have also seduced and posed by the forest companies.
For preventing the forest from depletion, I propose a “carbon trading” is important. Everyone who is care of forest should invest his or her money to protect every tree in the tropical rain forest. We have to apply the power of community participative programs. The local people in and close to the forest must give education or training. The education or training must relate to the forest protection management. They must have organized activities to protect the forest. Thereafter, they would be able to get benefit from their activities in protecting the forest. The forest protection activities must be able to give a future and good income for the local people. These activities must be able to compete in terms of its benefit against forest illegal cutting promised benefit and others. We need to bind together to save the tropical rain forest.
Nevertheless, all development starts with relationships, without which will never have development. This requires a willingness to engage the community on the long-term basis: to communicate, train, include, respect, the community as an essential part both the aid and all trickle down service industries that develop. Wealth distribution will probably be the most challenging of the “benefit for mankind”.
There is a place in the hard of the world.
A piece of country in the heart of Indonesia archipelago that is green and full of sunshine.
Birds are sing every first morning hour.
Rivers flow never ending.
Everyone agrees the Borneo Island is the lung of the world.
However, only few people care about that is their lung.
There the forest trees are down every second.
The modern countries transport most of the woods.
There most people understand about sustainability of the tropical rain forest.
Lets down on earth!
Lets have a look, how we care about our tropical rain forest?
Lets, come to Central Kalimantan, come to the lung of the world.
Will we hear the birds’ sing?
Will we see flow of the rivers?
Will we have the green tropical rain forest forever?
My friends, it is all depends on our hands.
What will we do the best for our lung?
Can we do it, without looking for the scapegoats?
We are must aware sustainable development is a key to the future.
End of April 2002.
